Designing a Secure x402 LLM Gateway

When we built QNTX’s x402 LLM gateway — a service where AI agents pay for model inference with crypto instead of API keys — we ran into a security problem that the x402 protocol wasn’t originally designed to handle. The problem: the settlement race condition. And getting it wrong means either your operator loses money on every attack, or your entire service becomes a free LLM endpoint for anyone with a script. ...

February 16, 2026 · Jinhao Xu